Cross-topic reference

Technique Encyclopedia

The cross-topic tools that show up across every domain — parity, symmetry, casework, and the rest. Each entry explains what the technique is, the signals that suggest reaching for it, when it works and when it doesn't, and two worked examples. Unlike the domain lessons, these aren't about one topic — they're the reasoning habits that apply everywhere.

17 of 17 entries built — the Technique Encyclopedia is complete.

Parity

Even/odd reasoning to prove impossibility or eliminate answer choices instantly.

Symmetry

Exploiting structural symmetry to skip work — pairing sums, symmetric polynomials.

Invariants

A quantity that never changes under a process, used to rule out final states.

Monovariants

A quantity that only increases (or only decreases), used to prove a process must terminate.

Complementary Counting

Counting what you don't want and subtracting from the total.

Casework

Splitting a problem into exhaustive, non-overlapping cases and solving each one.

Inclusion-Exclusion

Correcting for double-counted overlap when combining several sets.

Pigeonhole Principle

If items outnumber containers, some container must hold more than one.

Extremal Principle

Focusing on the largest or smallest element in a configuration to unlock a proof.

Working Backwards

Starting from the known end state and reversing each operation in turn.

Bounding

Showing a quantity must lie between two values to narrow down the answer.

Estimation

Approximating a quantity quickly enough to identify the correct answer choice.

Testing Small Cases

Trying small inputs first to discover or verify a pattern.

Strategic Substitution

Choosing specific values to plug in that reveal a relationship fast.

Exploiting Answer Choices

Using the multiple-choice format itself as information.

Auxiliary Lines

Adding a helpful line to a geometry figure to reveal hidden structure.

Coordinate Placement

Choosing coordinates strategically to simplify a geometry problem.